Future Tenses, "will" and "would"




In the first semester we studied the "perfect" tenses. These are the forms which express the idea that someone "has done" something, or in the past, someone "had done" something. We need to focus again on the verb "have" which we use in these phrases. Remember that in Spanish it is a different verb from the verb "tener" which we use to express the ideas of possession or obligation. In the "perfect" forms, we use the Spanish verb "haber". We use these forms of "have" along with with participle of the main verb. This is the form which ends normally in "-do". In English class we learned that there are three main forms of the verb. The participle would be the third form. For example, "sing", "sang", "sung". The third form "sung" is what we would use with "have" in sentences such as "Mary has sung in the chorus". In some verbs, the second and third forms are exactly alike in English, and this can be confusing. For example, "think", "thought", "thought". The second form is the simple past, and we can say, "I thought", but we also use "thought" with "have" and can say, "I have thought". Notice that we would not say, "I have sang" or "I sung" in correct English. Let's take a look at the chart of the forms of the verb "haber". We'll use the verb "hablar" whose participle is "hablado" to complete the "perfect" pattern.

I have spokenyo he hablado
you have spokentú has hablado
he/she has spokenél/ella ha hablado
we have spokennosotros hemos hablado
they have spokenellos/ellas han hablado


In this lesson we are going to see how the forms of this same verb "haber" which use use to say someone "has" done something, is the same word in Spanish that we use to say "will" do something. However, we use it in a different way. To say "will do" we start with the infinitive (the form which ends in "r" and means "to do") and the appropríate form of "haber" follows. Let's compare these patterns.

Yo he hablado



Yo hablar he



Let's take a look at the complete pattern for the future "will" forms.

I will speakyo hablar he
you will speaktú hablar has
he/she will speakél/ella hablar ha
we will speaknosotros hablar hemos
they will speakellos/ellas hablar han


Now, if things had just stayed this way, it would be simple, however back in the middle ages, most people didn't know how to read or write, and they only knew what they heard. People began to think of this two word combination (a phrase) as if it were one word, much like we use contractions in English. However, in English we make the contraction in the future with the subject pronoun and "will", such as "I'll speak". In Spanish, the "contraction" was formed between the infinitive and the form of "haber" which was used for "will". In addition, in English the contraction is optional. You can either say, "I will speak" or you can say, "I'll speak". In Spanish the "contraction" is required. That is, nobody actually writes the future form as two separate words these days. It is written as one single word. However, recognizing that it originally came from two words makes it easier for us to understand the formation of the verb pattern.

What happened is that the letter "h" in Spanish, as we have seen, is silent. If we strip the silent "h" away from the forms of "haber", we would have the following.

I will speakyo hablar e
you will speaktú hablar as
he/she will speakél/ella hablar a
we will speaknosotros hablar emos
they will speakellos/ellas hablar an


When we pronounce these forms, the stress (loudest sound) falls on the "will" part, the form of "haber" which we add to the infinitive. This means that when we join the two parts together to form the "contraction", we have to take into account the rules that we have studied about written accent marks. Remember, words ending in "L", "Z", "R", or "D" are naturally pronounced with the stress on the last syllable, while other words are pronounced with the stress naturally falling on the next to last syllable. This means that we would pronounce the following;

hablare
hablaras
hablara
hablaremos
hablaran


What we actually say for these future forms is:

hablare
hablaras
hablara
hablaremos
hablaran


Notice that in the "nosotros" form, there is no problem. This is because, "hemos" has two syllables, so that the stress naturally falls on the "e" in any case, whether it is combined with "hablar" or not. The other endings, however, are only one syllable. The written accent mark tells us to pronounce a word differently that the "natural" pattern of the spelling of the word. This means that when we make the contractions for "will do" something, we have to use written accent marks on all of the forms except the "nosotros" form. Here would be the correct pattern for "will speak".

hablaré
hablarás
hablará
hablaremos
hablarán


Let's practice making some sentences in which we use the "will" forms.

  1. I will speak with the lawyer tomorrow.
  2. You will speak with the lawyer tomorrow.
  3. Mr. García will speak with the lawyer tomorrow.
  4. We will speak with the lawyer tomorrow.
  5. The secretaries will speak with the lawyer tomorrow.
  6. I will work in the office tomorrow.
  7. You will work in the office tomorrow.
  8. Mr. García will work in the office tomorrow.
  9. We will work in the office tomorrow.
  10. The secretaries will work in the office tomorrow.

    Notice that since the forms of "haber" are added to the infinitive, the pattern works with verbs of both categories, "A" and "E". The change to the "e" will already be present in the infinitive in front of the "r", so we don't have to change anything else in the pattern. Let's practice making some future sentences using an "E" category verb, "comer" which means "to eat".

  11. I will eat with Mary tomorrow.
  12. Will you eat with us tomorrow?
  13. John will eat with us tomorrow.
  14. We will eat with you all tomorrow.
  15. The boys will eat with us tomorrow.

    The same thing happens with "I" verbs. Remember that "I" verbs follow the same patterns as "E" verbs. They function like a "subcategory" of the "E" verbs. Let's use the verb "escribir" which means "to write".

  16. I will write the letter tomorrow.
  17. Will you write the letter tomorrow?
  18. John will write the letter tomorrow.
  19. We will write the letter tomorrow.
  20. The girls will write the letter tomorrow.

    Most verbs with irregular forms that we have to memorize, will have a predictable form in the infinitive, and this will be the form that we will use in the formation of the "will" forms. Let's take the example of the verb "to bring", which is "traer". Remember that "I bring" is "yo traigo", however the infinitive is "traer" and we will use this in all forms for the future. Let's practice sentences with "will bring".

  21. I will bring the tickets tomorrow.
  22. Will you bring the tickets tomorrow?
  23. John will bring the tickets tomorrow.
  24. We will bring the tickets tomorrow.
  25. The boys will bring the tickets tomorrow.

    Remember that the verb "to go" has an irregular infinitive. We can't just add "r" to "va" and say, "var". The infinitive "to go" is "ir". This is the form which we will use form the formation of the future forms of "go". Let's see how this works.

  26. I will go to the office tomorrow.
  27. Will you go to the office tomorrow?
  28. Mary will go to the office tomorrow.
  29. We will go to the office tomorrow.
  30. The girls will go to the office tomorrow.

    When we say, "will do" something, we mean that the event will take place sometime after now. The present moment, now is the point of reference. However, it is possible to use another point in time as a reference. Just as we might say, "Mary says (now) that she will work in the office tomorrow", we might say, "Mary said (at some point of reference in the past) that she would work in the office". We see that "would" is actually the past form of "will", meaning that something was going to take place after then (some point in the past). We know that the past of an "E" verb is formed by changing the "e" to "ía". If we take "haber", the past form will be "había". Putting "habí" after the infinitive, is the way that the "would" form was created. In other words, we might have seen:

    the secretary would work

    la secretaría trabajar había



    This combination of the infinitive and "había" formed a "contraction" just like the "will" forms did, however in this case, we drop not only the silent "h", but the entire first syllable, "hab". In other words, for the "would" forms, we take the infinitive and add "ía", plus the appropríate ending to match the subject. Let's take a look at the chart for the "would" forms.

    I would speakyo hablaría
    you would speaktú hablarías
    he/she would speakél/ella hablaría
    we would speaknosotros hablaríamos
    they would speakellos/ellas hablarían


    Let's practice making some sentences using "would".

  31. John thought that I would speak with the teacher today.
  32. I thought that you would speak with the teacher today.
  33. I thought that Mary would speak with the teacher today.
  34. John thought that we would speak with the tacher today.
  35. We thought that the boys would speak with the teacher today.
  36. Mary thought that I would buy the tickets today.
  37. I thought that you would buy the tickets today.
  38. I thought that John would buy the tickets today.
  39. Mary thought that we would buy the tickets today.
  40. We thought that the boys would buy the tickets today.
  41. Mary thought that I would sell the house soon (pronto).
  42. I thought that you would sell the house soon.
  43. I thought that the lawyer would sell the house soon.
  44. Mary thought that we would sell the house soon.
  45. We thought that they would sell the house soon.
  46. The lawyer thought that I would write the letter last night.
  47. The lawyer thought that you would write the letter last night.
  48. The lawyer thought that Mary would write the letter last night.
  49. The lawyer thought that we would write the letter last night.
  50. The lawyer thought that the gentlemen would write the letter last night.
  51. The teacher thought that I would be in the class yesterday.
  52. The teacher thought that you would be in the class yesterday.
  53. The teacher thought that John would be in the class yesterday.
  54. The teacher thought that we would be in the class yesterday.
  55. The teacher thought that the girls would be in the class yesterday.

    There are a few verbs which use a "special" stem instead of the normal infinitive for the formation of the "will" and "would" forms. The most common thing that we see is the elimination of the vowel which comes in front of the "r" of the infinitive. For example, in the case of the verb "to be able" ("poder"), the "e" drops out and the "future stem" is "podr-". Here is a chart of the "will" forms for "to be able".

    I will be ableyo podré
    you will be abletú podrás
    he/she will be ableél/ella podrá
    we will be ablenosotros podremos
    they will be ableellos/ellas podrán


    Remember that any form of "poder" will be followed by the infinitive ("R" form) of the verb which expresses the action. Let's practice making some sentences using the "will" and "would" forms of "poder".

  56. I will be able to work in the office tomorrow.
  57. Will you be able to work in the office tomorrow?
  58. I think that Mary will be able to work in the office tomorrow.
  59. The lawyer wants to know if we will be able to work in the office tomorrow.
  60. I don't know if the secretaries will be able to work in the office tomorrow.
  61. Mary thought that I would be able to study with her in the library today.
  62. I thought that you would be able to study in the library with us today.
  63. We thought that John would be able to study in the library with us today.
  64. Mary thought that we would be able to study in the library with her today.
  65. We thought that the girls would be able to study in the library with us today.
  66. John thought that I would be able to buy the tickets today.
  67. I thought that you would be able to buy the tickets today.
  68. I thought that Mary would be able to buy the tickets today.
  69. John thought that we would be able to buy the tickets today.
  70. We thought that the boys would be able to buy the tickets today.
  71. I don't know if I will be able to eat with my friends (mis amigos) tomorrow.
  72. Will you be able to eat with us tomorrow?
  73. I don't know if John will be able to eat with us tomorrow.
  74. We don't know if we will be able to eat with you all tomorrow.
  75. We don't know if the boys will be able to eat with us tomorrow.

    The verb "saber" ("to know") is another verb which uses a "special" future stem. Again, the "e" which comes before the "r" dropps out, so that we use "sabr-" instead of the normal infinitive in the formation of the "will" and the "would" forms. Let's practice using these forms in sentences.

  76. I am studying the words. I will know them for the test (el examen) tomorrow.
  77. Are you studying? Will you know the words for the test tomorrow?
  78. Mary is studying the words. She will know them for the test tomorrow.
  79. We are studying the words. We will know them for the test tomorrow.
  80. The girls are studying the words. They will know them for the test tomorrow.
  81. The teacher thought that I would know the words for the test.
  82. I thought that you would know the words for the test.
  83. I thought that Mary would know the words for the test.
  84. The teacher thought that we would know the words for the test.
  85. The teacher thought that the boys would know the words for the test.

    There are a few verbs that have one more little change that we need to notice. When the vowel drops in front of the "r" of the infinitive, if this produces a particular combination of consonants, it becomes difficult to pronounce. This is true if we end up with either "nr" or "lr". The reason is because of the way that "r" is pronounced in Spanish. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to pronounce the combinations "lr" or "nr" with the normal Spanish "r" sound. In order to make this easier, over the centuries, a "transitional consonant" was introduced. This happens in other languages as well. In the case of Spanish, the letter "d" helps us get from the "l" to the "r", or from the "n" to the "r". This means that we will end up with a special "future stem" for verbs like "poner", "tener" and "salir".

    poner (to put)"pondr-"
    tener"tendr-"
    salir (to leave)"saldr-"


    Let's see how these verbs work in sentences using "will" and "would" forms.
  86. I will put the books on the table (en la mesa).
  87. Will you put the books on the table?
  88. John says that he will put the books on the table.
  89. We will put the books on the table.
  90. The girls will put the books on the table.
  91. John knew ("sabía") that I would put the books on the table.
  92. I thought that you would put the books on the table.
  93. I thought that Mary would put the books on the table.
  94. John thought that we would put the books on the table.
  95. We thought that the boys would put the books on the table.
  96. I will have the money to buy the tickets tomorrow.
  97. Will you have the money to buy the tickets tomorrow?
  98. I think that Mary will have the money to buy the tickets tomorrow.
  99. I believe that we will have the money to buy the tickets tomorrow.
  100. I believe that the boys will have the money to buy the tickets tomorrow.
  101. John says that he thought that I would have the money to buy the tickets today.
  102. I thought that you would have the money to buy the tickets today.
  103. We thought that Mary would have the money to buy the tickets today.
  104. The boys thought that we would have the money to buy the tickets today.
  105. I thought that the boys would have the money to buy the tickets today.
  106. I will leave ("de"=from) the house at one o'clock.
  107. Mary says that you will leave the house at one o'clock.
  108. Mary says that John will leave the house at one o'clock.
  109. We will leave the house at one o'clock.
  110. I think that the boys will leave the house at o'clock.
  111. John knew that I would leave the school (la escuela) at three o'clock.
  112. John thought that you would leave the school at three o'clock.
  113. John thought that Mary would leave the school at three o'clock.
  114. John knew that we would leave the school at three o'clock.
  115. We thought that the boys would leave the school at three o'clock.

    As always, it seems that we just have to have a few really odd forms that have to be memorized. There are two of these in the "special" future stems in Spanish. For the verb "hacer" (to make or to do something) in Spanish we drop the entire second syllable, and end up with "har-" as the stem for "will" and "would". For the verb "decir" (to say), the special future stem is "dir-". Let's practice sentences with these exceptions.

  116. I will do the work tomorrow.
  117. Will you do the work tomorrow?
  118. Mary says that she will do the work tomorrow.
  119. Mary knows that we will do the work tomorrow.
  120. I think that the boys will do the work tomorrow.
  121. I will tell ("say") the truth ("la verdad").
  122. I know that you will tell the truth.
  123. I know that Mary will tell the truth.
  124. John knows that we will tell the truth.
  125. I think that the boys will tell the truth.

    END































































































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    Yo hablaré con el abogado mañana.

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    Tú hablarás con el abogado mañana.

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    El señor García hablará con el abogado mañana.

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    Nosotros hablaremos con el abogado mañana.

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    Las secretarias hablarán con el abogado mañana.

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    Yo trabajaré en la oficina mañana.

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    Tú trabajarás en la oficina mañana.

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    El García trabajará en la oficina mañana.

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    Las secretarias trabajarán en la oficina mañana.

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    Yo comeré con María mañana.

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    Juan comerá con nosotros mañana.

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    Nosotros comeremos con ustedes mañana.

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    Los muchachos comerán con nosotros mañana.

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    Yo escribiré la carta mañana.

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    Nosotros escribiremos la carta mañana.

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    Las muchachas escribirán la carta mañana.

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    Yo traeré los boletos mañana.

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    Juan traerá los boletos mañana.

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    Nosotros traeremos los boletos mañana.

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    Yo iré a la oficina mañana.

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    Juan creía que yo hablaría con el profesor hoy.

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    Yo creía que tú hablarías con el profesor hoy.

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    Yo creía que María hablaría con el profesor hoy.

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    Juan creía que nosotros hablaríamos con el profesor hoy.

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    Nosotros creíamos que los muchachos hablarían con el profesor hoy.

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    María creía que yo compraría los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que tú comprarías los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que Juan compraría los boletos hoy.

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    María creía que nosotros compraríamos los boletos hoy.

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    María creía que yo vendería la casa pronto.

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    Yo creía que tú venderías la casa pronto.

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    Yo creía que el abogado vendería la casa pronto.

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    María creía que nosotros venderíamos la casa pronto.

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    Nosotros creíamos que ellos venderían la casa pronto.

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    El abogado creía que yo escribiría la carta anoche.

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    El abogado creía que tú escribirías la carta anoche.

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    El abogado creía que María escribiría la carta anoche.

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    El abogado creía que nosotros escribiríamos la carta anoche.

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    El abogado creía que los señores escribirían la carta anoche.

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    El profesor creía que yo estaría en la clase ayer.

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    El profesor creía que tú estarías en la clase ayer.

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    El profesor creía que Juan estaría en la clase ayer.

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    El profesor creía que nosotros estaríamos en la clase ayer.

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    El profesor creía que las muchachas estarían en la clase ayer.

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    Yo podré trabajar en la oficina mañana.

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    Yo creo que María podrá trabajar en la oficina mañana.

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    El abogado quiere saber si nosotros podremos trabajar en la oficina mañana.

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    Yo no sé si las secretarias podrán trabajar en la oficina mañana.

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    María creía que yo podría estudiar con ella en la biblioteca hoy.

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    Yo creía que tú podrías estudiar en la biblioteca con nosotros hoy.

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    Nosotros creíamos que Juan podría estudiar en la biblioteca con nosotros hoy.

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    María creía que nosotros podríamos estudiar en la biblioteca con ella hoy.

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    Nosotros creíamos que las muchachas podrían estudiar en la biblioteca con nosotros hoy.

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    Juan creía que yo podría comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que tú podrías comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que María podría comprar los boletos mañana.

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    Juan creía que nosotros podríamos comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Nosotros creíamos que los muchachos podrían comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo no sé si yo podré comer con mis amigos mañana.

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    ¿ Podrás comer con nosotros mañana?

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    Yo no sé si Juan podrá comer con nosotros mañana.

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    Nosotros no sabemos si nosotros podremos comer con ustedes mañana.

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    Nosotros no sabemos si los muchachos podrán comer con nosotros mañana.

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    Yo estudio las palabras. Yo las sabré para el examen mañana.

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    ¿ Estudias? ¿ Sabrás las palabras mañana?

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    María estudia las palabras. Ella las sabrá para el examen mañana.

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    Nosotros estudiamos las palabras. Nosotros las sabremos para el examen mañana.

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    Las muchachas estudian las palabras. Ellas las sabrán para el examen mañana.

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    El profesor creía que yo sabría las palabras para el examen.

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    Yo creía que tú sabrías las palabras para el examen.

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    Yo creía que María sabría las palabras para el examen.

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    El profesor creía que nosotros sabríamos las palabras para el examen.

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    El profesor creía que los muchachos sabrían las palabras para el examen.

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    Yo pondré los libros en la mesa.

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    ¿ Pondrás los libros en la mesa?

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    Juan dice que él pondrá los libros en la mesa.

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    Nosotros pondremos los libros en la mesa.

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    Las muchachas pondrán los libros en la mesa.

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    Juan sabía que yo pondría los libros en la mesa.

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    Yo creía que tú pondrías los libros en la mesa.

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    Yo creía que María pondría los libros en la mesa.

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    Juan creía que nosotros pondríamos los libros en la mesa.

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    Nosotros creíamos que los muchachos pondrían los libros en la mesa.

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    Yo tendré el dinero para comprar los boletos mañana.

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    ¿ Tendrás el dinero para comprar los boletos mañana?

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    Yo creo que María tendrá el dinero para comprar los boletos mañana.

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    Yo creo que nosotros tendremos el dinero para comprar los boletos mañana.

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    Yo creo que los muchachos tendrán el dinero para comprar los boletos mañana.

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    Juan dice que él creía que yo tendría el dinero para comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que tú tendrías el dinero para comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Nosotros creíamos que María tendría el dinero para comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Los muchachos creían que nosotros tendríamos el dinero para comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo creía que los muchachos tendrían el dinero para comprar los boletos hoy.

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    Yo saldré de la casa a la una.

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    María dice que tú saldrás de la casa a la una.

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    María dice que Juan saldrá de la casa a la una.

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    Nosotros saldremos de la casa a la una.

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    Yo creía que los muchachos saldrán de la casa a la una.

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    Juan sabía que yo saldría de la escuela a las tres.

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    Juan creía que tú saldrías de la escuela a las tres.

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    Juan creía que María saldría de la escuela a las tres.

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    Juan sabía que nosotros saldríamos de la escuela a las tres.

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    Nosotros creíamos que los muchachos saldrían de la escuela a las tres.

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    Yo haré el trabajo mañana.

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    ¿ Harás el trabajo mañana?

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    María dice que ella hará el trabajo mañana.

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    María sabe que nosotros haremos el trabajo mañana.

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    Yo creo que los muchachos harán el trabajo mañana.

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    Yo diré la verdad.

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    Yo sé que tú dirás la verdad.

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    Yo sé que María dirá la verdad.

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    Juan sabe que nosotros diremos la verdad.

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    Yo creo que los muchachos dirán la verdad.

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