"Feeling" Sentences

(Someone Cares About What I Am Doing.)

The sentences that we have worked with up to now are all of one particular type. They are statements of fact. They describe reality. When we say, "Mary is studying", we are simply describing the fact that she is doing that action, really. Now we want to take a look at another kind of sentence. We have gotten close to this idea in sentences like the following;

I want to study in the library.
John needs to study in the library.

Notice that in these sentences we are not saying that the person is actually doing the action of studying. We are focusing on the desire, feeling, emotion. We are speaking about what someone is actually doing, but rather about what the feeling is about the desired action, which hasn't actually happened but rather exists only in the mind or the imagination of the person who is speaking. You should remember that sentences of this kind use the "infinitive", the form of the verb which uses "to" in English, and in Spanish ends with the letter "r". We have seen that Spanish uses the same word pattern in these cases as English.

Now we are going to go one step further with this idea of sentences which express feelings about doing things. Notice that in the sentences we have seen so far, in which we use the infinitive, the person (or people) wants to do something himself (or themselves). Let's take a look at another situation. Let's use the verb "hope", which in Spanish is "espera" (notice that it is a verb of the "A" category).

The teacher hopes that John studies in the library.

Notice that it is a fact that the teacher "hopes", but it is not a fact that "John studies". The emphasis is on the feeling or desire of the teacher, not on the actual fact of what John is doing. At this point the studying is only something which the teacher is thinking about. The action that he hopes for is only the subject of his thoughts. He is imagining the possibility of John studying, not describing it as a fact. Let's see how we would do this in Spanish.

El profesor espera que Juan estudi-.

Notice that I left the last letter out in "study" and used a dash (-). This is because we are going to have to make a change. We have learned that there are two patterns for verbs in Spanish, the "A" pattern and the "E" pattern. When we describe a fact, "A" verbs have the letter "a" in the middle and "E" verbs have the letter "e" in the middle. When we have a sentence that focuses on someone's feeling about what someone else is doing, we have to switch the "a" to "e", or in the case of an "E" verb, we switch the "e" to "a". We could see this in the form of a chart.

"A" verbs

fact	feeling
A	E

"E" verbs

fact	feeling
E	A

Notice that we are just flip-flopping the vowel in the middle of the verb. In the example above, the correct answer would be the following.

El profesor quiere que Juan estudie.

Let's take a look at some practice examples.

1. We are studying in the library.
2. The teacher hopes that we are studying in the library.
3. You are studying in the library.
4. The teacher hopes that you are studying in the library.
5. The boys are studying in the library.
6. The teacher hopes that the boys are studying in the library.
   
   Now let's look at another sentence pattern in English in which we focus on feelings where someone cares about what someone else does.
   
   

   The teacher wants the boys to study.

   
   
   Here we have a different word pattern. Let's compare this with the pattern we used with the verb "hope".
   
   

   The teacher hopes that the boys study.
   The teacher wants the boys to study.

   
   
   Notice that when we use "hope" to express the feeling, we use the pattern with the word "that" (person "X" hopes that person "Y" does something). However, when we use "want" to express the feeling, we use the "to" pattern (person "X" wants person "Y" to do something, in English. How do we decide which pattern to follow in English? It's like we have two "boxes" of verbs in our brains (which we have learned since we were children). For example, if we used the verb "beg" in English we would say, "The teacher begs the students to study", while if we use "pray", we would say, "The teacher prays that the boys study". We are so used to these patterns that we associate one pattern with one "box" of verbs and the other pattern with the other "box" of verbs. They just sound right to us because we are used to hearing them.
   
   In Spanish, the situation is different. We do use the "R" form pattern in Spanish, but it has nothing to do with the particular verb that is used. We use this pattern in Spanish when someone wants to do something himself. When we have a situation where one person cares about what another does, we use the pattern with "that" (just like the pattern we use with "hope" in English), no matter what the particular verb is. This means that for the sentence, "The teacher wants the boys to study", we can not translate word-for-word. We have to reorganize the word pattern and change it to the one which we would use with "hope".
   
   Examples:
   
   

   The teacher hopes that the boys study.
   
   The teacher wants that the boys study.

   
   
   Notice that in this case, in Spanish, we would not use the infinitive "to study" ("estudiar"). We would have the following pattern.
   
   

   El profesor quiere que los muchachos estudien.

   
   
   Let's practice making "feeling" sentence in which someone cares about what someone else does, using the verb "want".
   
   
7. I am studying.
8. The teacher wants me to study.
9. We are studying.
10. The teacher wants us to study.
11. The boys are studying.
12. The teacher wants the boys to study.
    
    In the case of "E" verbs, we would follow the same practice. In this case, the "e" would change to "a" in the sentence pattern we use to say that someone cares about what someone else is doing. Let's see how this works with some sentences in which we use the verb "to read" ("leer").
    
    
13. I'm reading the book.
14. The teacher wants me to read the book.
15. John, are you reading the book?
16. The teacher wants you to read the book.
17. Mary is reading the book.
18. The teacher wants Mary to read the book.
19. We are reading the book.
20. The teacher wants us to read the book.
21. The girls are reading the book.
22. The teacher wants the girls to read the book.
    
    Remember that "I" verbs actually follow the "E" verb pattern. The only places where "I" verbs are different from "E" verbs is in two forms, the "-imos" form and the "-ir" form. In the case of feeling sentences, "I" verbs will work exactly like "E" verbs. Let's practice sentences in which we use the verb "to write" ("escribir").
23. I'm writing the lesson (la lección).
24. The teacher wants me to write the lesson.
25. John is writing the lesson.
26. The teacher wants John to write the lesson.
27. Mary, are you writing the lesson?
28. The teacher wants you to write the lesson.
29. We are writing the lesson.
30. The teacher wants us to write the lesson.
31. The boys are writing the lesson.
32. The teacher wants the boys to write the lesson.
    
    Let's take a look at some other "A" category verbs. We'll use "to buy the tickets" ("comprar los boletos") and "to carry the suitcases" ("llevar las maletas").
    
    
33. I'm buying the tickets.
34. Mary wants me to buy the tickets.
35. John is buying the tickets.
36. Mary wants John to buy the tickets.
37. We are buying the tickets.
38. Mary wants us to buy the tickets.
39. The boys are buying the tickets.
40. Mary wants the boys to buy the tickets.
41. I'm carrying the suitcases.
42. Mary wants me to carry the suitcases.
43. Are you carrying the suitcases?
44. Mary wants you to carry the suitcases.
45. We are carrying the suitcases.
46. Mary wants us to carry the suitcases.
47. The boys are carrying the suitcases.
48. Mary wants the boys to carry the suitcases.
    
    We need to remember that often the verb is not a single word. It is a phrase. In the sentences that we have used, the phrase is made up of one verb which must match the subject, and another verb in the "R" form. In this case, only the verb that matches will change from "a" to "e" or vice versa in feeling sentences. The second verb in the phrase which is in the "R" form will not change. The infinitive never changes the vowel category. Look at the following sentences in which we use the verb "can" ("puede") along with an infinitive ("R" form). We'll use the verb "to help" ("ayudar").
    
    
49. I can help.
50. Mary says that she hopes that I can help.
51. Can you help?
52. Mary says that she hopes that you can help.
53. We can help.
54. Mary says that she hopes that we can help.
55. John can help.
56. Mary says that she hopes that John can help.
57. The boys can help.
58. Mary says that she hopes that the boys can help.
    
    Some verbs are completely irregular (unpredictable) and we just have to memorize them. We have seen previously that the verb "go" has exceptions in the forms that we must learn. The forms used in "feeling" sentences are also exceptions. Here is a chart with the forms of "go" that you need to know at this time.
    
    

    "to go", ("IR")

    voy vas va vamos van

    vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayan

    
    
    Let's practice sentences in which we use the verb "go".
    
    
59. I'm going to the store.
60. Mary wants me to go to the store.
61. Are you going to the store?
62. Mary wants you to go to the store.
63. We are going to the store.
64. Mary wants us to go to the store.
65. The girls are going to the store.
66. Mary wants the girls to go to the store.
    
    Now let's see how this would word in a verb phrase with "can".
    
    
67. I can go to the library with John.
68. John says that he hopes that I can go to the library with him.
69. Can you go to the library with John?
70. John says that he hopes that you can go to the library with him.
71. We can go to the library with John.
72. John says that he hopes that we can go to the library with him.
73. The boys can go to the library with John.
74. John says that he hopes that the boys can go to the library with him.
    
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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiere que yo compre los boletos.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan compra los boletos.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiere que los muchachos compren los boletos.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiere que yo lleve las maletas.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text ¿ Llevas las maletas?

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria dice que ella espera que yo pueda ayudar.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text ¿ Puedes ayudar?

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria dice que ella espera que nosotros podamos ayudar.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan puede ayudar.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria dice que ella espera que Juan pueda ayudar.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria dice que ella espera que los muchachos puedan ayudar.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Yo voy a la tienda.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiee que yo vaya a la tienda.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text ¿ Vas a la tienda?

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiere que tú vayas a la tienda.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Nosotros vamos a la tienda.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Maria quiere que nosotros vayamos a la tienda.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan dice que él espera que yo pueda ir a la biblioteca con él.

    Click back button in browser to return to main text ¿ Puedes ir a la biblioteca con Juan?

    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan dice que él espera que tú puedas ir a la biblioteca con él.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan dice que él espera que nosotros podamos ir a la biblioteca con él.

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    Click back button in browser to return to main text Juan dice que él espera que los muchachos puedan ir a la biblioteca con él.

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