IVY Tech Spanish


(written Sept. 9, 2004)


We have studied the forms of the verb "haber". This is one of two verbs that we use in Spanish to translate "have", but we must remember that is does not express possession. That would be "tener". We use the verb "haber" when we say that someone "has done" something. In order words, it expresses an action that has been completed or accomplished. Remember that we use the forms of "haber" with the participle of another verb. That is the form which normally ends in "-do". In English we have three main forms of the verb, the present, the simple past, and the participle. This third form is what would be expressed as "-do" in Spanish. In English we would also use this form with "have" ("has done something").

Let's take a look at the forms of "haber" to review.

HABER
he
has
ha
hemos
han


Now let's practice making some sentences using the forms of "haber" to make sure that we have this pattern and the forms firmly in our minds.
  1. I have studied the lesson (la lección).
  2. Have you studied the lesson?
  3. John says that he has studied the lesson.
  4. We have studied the lesson.
  5. The boys have studied the lesson.
  6. I have read the book.
  7. Have you read the book?
  8. Mary says that she has read the book.
  9. We have read the book.
  10. The girls have read the book.

    Remember that the participle ends in "-ado" when we have an "A" category verb, but with "E" and "I" category verbs, the participle ends in "-ido".

    Now we want to look at another way that we use the forms of "haber". Once more let's take a look at the forms of the present of "haber".

    HABER
    he
    has
    ha
    hemos
    han


    Remember that in Spanish, the letter "h" is silent. Keeping this in mind, what we would actually hear is the following.

    ABER
    e
    as
    a
    emos
    an


    In the Middle Ages, comañanaunities in which Latin was spoken were isolated from each other and the language evolved. Very few people knew how to read and write and the mistakes of one generation got passed onto the next generation, and then other mistakes were added, and so on. The original form of the future tense in Latin was completely lost and people "created" a new way of expressing actions that were going to happen in the future. This has happened in English also. Often we don't say, "will do" but rather "is going to do" something. In the Middle Ages this was done with the verb "haber". However something different happened. Where forms of "haber" were used with the participle to say that someone "has done" something, they used the present forms of "haber" after the infinitive (the "R" form), to express the idea of actions that will happen in the future. In English we put "will" in front of the main verb. In Spanish, the present of "haber" came after the main verb. Notice how this would work in the following chart.

    I will studyyo estudiar he
    you will studytú estudiar has
    he/she will studyél/ella estudiar ha
    we will studynosotros estudiar hemos
    they will studyellos/ellas estudiar han


    This is the way that people expressed the idea of the future, "will do" something, for a long time during the Middle Ages. They wrote the future form as two words. You can see this in some old writings from that time. Let's follow that same pattern that they used to build sentences expressing actions in the future.

  11. I will study the lesson.
  12. Will you study the lesson?
  13. John will study the lesson.
  14. We will study the lesson.
  15. The boys will study the lesson.
  16. I will read the book.
  17. Will you read the book?
  18. Mary will read the book.
  19. We will read the book.
  20. The girls will read the book.

    Notice that the "will" part follows the main verb which we use in the infinitive ("R" form). The "will" part is going to be the same, whether it follows an "A" infinitive, an "E" infinitive, or an "I" infinitive, since it is always the present form of the verb "haber".

    So there we have it. The verb "haber" can be used to say "have" as in, "someone has done something", or it can be used to express future actions just like we use "will" in English. However, there is still one little detail that we have to take into account.

    Remember that we said that most people couldn't read or write during the Middle Ages. Since the letter "h" is silent, people who had never seen it written just weren't aware that it was there. They couldn't hear it. They seemed to get the idea in their head that what was following the infinitive ("R" form) in the future pattern was just what we hear, and they lost track of "haber" being a separate word in this construction. Those who did write began to write the combination of the infinitive and "haber" as a single word, perhaps something like the contraction that we use in English for "do not" ("don't"), or "is not" ("isn't"), etc. The one important thing to remember is that even though they treated the two word combination as one single word, it was the form of "have" ("haber") which was stressed and with the contraction, we have to represent this in the spelling system using an accent mark where appropriate.

    This is the way that the spelling has changed over the centuries. We start writing the "will" form as two words, and in modern times we have a one word combination with the written accent mark to preserve the proper stress pattern of the pronunciation.

    yo estudiar heyo estudiaré
    tú estudiar hastú estudiarás
    él/ella estudiar haél/ella estudiará
    nosotros estudiar hemosnosotros estudiaremos
    ellos/ellas estudiar hanellos/ellas estudiarán


    Notice that in the "nosotros" form we didn't have to add an accent mark. This is because the word "hemos" has two vowels, that is two syllables. The stress is already on the "e" (the next to last syllable) and so when it is added on the end of "estudiar" (or any other infinitive) the stress pattern isn't really changing, so no spelling adjustments with accent marks are needed.

    Let's practice building sentences with the "will" pattern
  21. I will study in the library tomorrow.
  22. Will you study in the library tomorrow?
  23. John will study in the library tomorrow.
  24. We will study in the library tomorrow.
  25. The boys will study in the library tomorrow.
  26. I will buy the tickets tomorrow.
  27. I will buy them tomorrow.
  28. Will you buy the tickets tomorrow?
  29. Will you buy them tomorrow?
  30. Mary will buy the tickets tomorrow.
  31. Mary will buy them tomorrow.
  32. We will buy the tickets tomorrow.
  33. We will buy them tomorrow.
  34. The girls will buy the tickets tomorrow.
  35. The girls will buy them tomorrow.
  36. I will see ("ver") the movie ("la película") tonight ("esta noche").
  37. Will you see the movie tonight?
  38. John will see the movie tonight.
  39. We will see the movie tonight.
  40. The boys will see the movie tonight.

    Let's quickly review the indirect pronouns in a chart.

    to meme
    to youte
    to him/herle (se)
    to usnos
    to themles (se)


    We have constructed sentences using verbs which express the idea of something being transferred from one person to another. In these sentences we have had to use an indirect pronoun, placing it in front of the verb. When we have both a direct and indirect object, there is a specific sequence for the words that we have to follow. A direct object pronoun will always follow the indirect object. In other words, you could have "me lo" or "te lo", however, we can not have "lo me" or "lo te". Also, there is a change which takes place with the indirect object pronoun "le" when it is used with a direct object pronoun. When "le" is followed by "it" (either "lo" or "la"), the word "le" will change to "se", so that we would have "se lo" or "se la".

    The same thing will happen with "them". We would have "se los" or "se las". For example, if I say, "I'm giving them (the tickets) to him", I would say in Spanish:

    Yo se los doy.



    This change to "se" also happens with "les" ("to them"), so that anytime we say that someone is giving something "to them" we would have the combination "se lo", etc.

    We have used the verb "prestar" which means "to lend". Now let's work with another verb that expresses the idea of "transfer". Let's work with "dar" which means "to give". The present of the verb "give" has an irregular form in the first part ("yo") as we saw in the example above. You may remember that often, when there is an irregular form in the present, it will be found in the "yo" form. Here is the chart of the forms of "dar" ("to give").

    I giveyo doy
    you givetú das
    he/she givesél/ella da
    we givenosotros damos
    they giveellos/ellas dan


    Now let's practice building some sentences with "give" using the future forms.

  41. I will give you the money tomorrow.
  42. I will give it to you tomorrow.
  43. Will you give the money to him tomorrow?
  44. Will you give it to him tomorrow?
  45. John says that he will give me the money tomorrow.
  46. John says that he will give it to me tomorrow.
  47. Will you give us the money tomorrow?
  48. Will you give it to us tomorrow.
  49. The boys say that they will give me the money tomorrow.
  50. The boys say that they will give it to me tomorrow.
  51. We will give the money to you tomorrow.
  52. We will give it to you tomorrow.
  53. We will give the money to them tomorrow.
  54. We will give it to them tomorrow.
  55. Mr. Garcia, I will give you the money tomorrow.
  56. Mr. Garcia, I will give it to you tomorrow.

    Another verb which we can learn which expresses the idea of the transfer of something to someone is "entregar" ("to deliver" or "to hand over"). Let's practice building some sentences using the future of "entregar". We are going to deliver the airline tickets, ("los pasajes") to someone, and we are going to do it in the airport, ("el aeropuerto"). Let's begin.

  57. I will deliver the tickets to you at the airport.
  58. I will deliver them to you at the airport.
  59. Will you deliver the tickets to me at the airport?
  60. Will you deliver them to me at the airport?
  61. Mr. Garcia wants to know if you will deliver the tickets to him at the airport.
  62. Mr. Garcia wants to know if you will deliver them to him at the airport.
  63. I don't know if they will deliver the tickets to us at the airport.
  64. I don't know if they will deliver them to us at the airport.
  65. Do you know if they will deliver the tickets to her at the airport?
  66. Do you know if they will deliver them to her at the airport?
  67. They say that they will deliver the tickets to me at the airport.
  68. They say that they will deliver them to me at the airport.
  69. They say that they will deliver the tickets to the boys at the airport.
  70. They say that they will deliver them (tickets) to them (boys) at the airport.

    There is something that we need to remember about verbs that end in "-gar". Remember that the letter "g" is soft (pronounced like "h" in English) when followed by either "i" or "e". In the case of the verb "entregar", the "g" is followed by "a", so it has the hard pronunciation (like "g" in "go" in English). We want to keep the hard pronunciation in other forms of the verb. Remember that when we have sentences that express "feelings", we change the "a" to "e". In this case, the "g" would be soft like "h" in English, so we add in a silent "u" after the "g" to preserve the hard "g" sound. Let's review a few feeling sentences using "entregar". We'll see if you remember that proper pattern to use.

  71. John is going to deliver the tickets to me.
  72. I hope that John delivers them to me.
  73. John says that he will deliver them to me tomorrow.
  74. John is going to deliver the tickets to Mary.
  75. Mary wants John to deliver the them to her
  76. John says that he will deliver them to her tomorrow.
  77. John is going to deliver the tickets to us.
  78. We want John to deliver them to us.
  79. John says that he will deliver them to us tomorrow.
  80. John is going to deliver the tickets to the boys.
  81. The boys want John to deliver the tickets to them.
  82. John says that he will deliver them (tickets) to them (boys).
  83. Mary, are you going to deliver the tickets to me?
  84. Mary, I want you to deliver them to me.
  85. Mary, will you deliver them to me?
  86. Mary, are you going to deliver the tickets to John?
  87. Mary, John wants you to deliver them to him.
  88. Mary, will you deliver them to him?
  89. Mary, are you going to deliver the tickets to us?
  90. Mary, we want you to deliver them to us.
  91. Mary, will you deliver them to us?
  92. Mary, are you going to deliver the tickets to the boys?
  93. Mary, the boys want you to deliver them to them.
  94. Mary, will you deliver them to them?
  95. John wants us to deliver the tickets to him tomorrow.
  96. We will deliver them to him tomorrow.
  97. The boys want us to deliver the tickets to them tomorrow.
  98. We will deliver them to them tomorrow.

    There is a small group of verbs that have an irregular form for the future ("will do"). Remember that normal verbs start with the "R" form of the verb, and add forms of "haber" minus the "h" to make a contraction. These irregular "will" forms will still use the present forms of "haber", but they use a variation of the infinitive, sometimes called the irregular future stem or root.

    In general, what we see happening is the vowel before the "r" of the infinitive drops out. For example, in the case of the verb "poder", we would expect to use "poder" plus the "will" endings (present forms of "haber"). Actually we drop the "e" and use the future stem, "podr-" and add the "will endings. Here is a chart of the "will" forms of "poder" ("to be able").
  99. I am going to be able to go to the beach ("ir a la playa") with the boys tomorrow.
  100. I will be able to go to the beach with them tomorrow.
  101. Are you going to be able to go to the beach with us tomorrow?
  102. Will you be able to go to the beach with us tomorrow?
  103. Do you know if John is going to be able to go to the beach with the boys tomorrow?
  104. Do you know if John will be able to go to the beach with them tomorrow?
  105. I don't know if Mary is going to be able to go to the beach with the girls tomorrow.
  106. I don't know if Mary will be able to go to the beach with them tomorrow.
  107. Do you know if we are going to be able to go to the beach with the boys tomorrow?
  108. Do you know if we will be able to go to the beach with them tomorrow?
  109. Are you going to be able to study with me tomorrow?
  110. Will you be able to study with me tomorrow.
  111. Do you know if Mary is going to be able to study with us tomorrow?
  112. Do you know if Mary will be able to study with us tomorrow?
  113. I don't know if the boys are going to be able to study with us tomorrow.
  114. I don't know if the boys will be able to study with us tomorrow.

    One of the more interesting "will" constructions which has an irregular form, actually uses forms of the verb "haber" twice. If you remember, earlier we learned the word "hay" means "there is". The word "hay" comes from the Latin word "have" originally, rather than "is" like in English. It's like saying that "nature" has something there ("it is there"). You might remember that the "R" form of "hay" is "haber" in modern Spanish. So in this case, we are going to use the future stem of "haber" (infinitive minus the "e") plus the present form of "haber" to say "will". Since there is only one form of "there is", there is going to be only one form of "there will be". Our chart would only have a single form for each tense, not separate forms for "I", "you", "he", "she", etc.

    Let's take a look at some forms that we should learn to use flexibly.

    there isthere is going to bethere will be
    hayva a haberhabrá


  115. There is a party today at Mary's house.
  116. There is going to be a party tomorrow at Mary's house.
  117. I believe that there will be a party tomorrow at Mary's house.
  118. There is a parade ("un desfile") today on Republic Avenue.
  119. Do you know if there is going to be a parade tomorrow on Republic Avenue?
  120. Do you know if there will be a parade tomorrow on Republic Avenue?
  121. There is a storm ("una tormenta") on the coast ("en la costa").
  122. The newspaper ("el periódico") says that tomorrow there is going to be a storm on the coast.
  123. The newspaper says that tomorrow there will be a storm on the coast.
  124. The teacher says that there is a test ("un examen") in the history class today.
  125. The teacher says that there is going to be a a test in the history class tomorrow.
  126. The teacher says that there will be a test in the history class tomorrow.

    Click to continue this lesson about the future forms.

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    Yo he estudiado la lección.

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    ¿ Has estudiado la lección?

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    Juan dice que él ha estudiado la lección.

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    Nosotros hemos estudiado la lección.

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    Los muchachos han estudiado la lección.

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    Yo he leído el libro.

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    ¿ Has leído el libro?

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    María dice que ella ha leído el libro.

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    Nosotros hemos leído el libro.

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    Las muchachas han leído el libro.

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    Yo estudiar he la lección.

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    ¿ Estudiar has la lección?

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    Juan estudiar ha la lección.

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    Nosotros estudiar hemos la lección.

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    Los muchachos estudiar han la lección.

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    Yo leer he el libro.

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    ¿ Leer has el libro?

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    María leer ha el libro.

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    Nosotros leer hemos el libro.

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    Las muchachas leer han el libro.

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    Yo estudiaré en la biblioteca mañana.

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    ¿ Estudiarás en la biblioteca mañana?

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    Juan estudiará en la biblioteca mañana.

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    Nosotros estudiaremos en la biblioteca mañana.

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    Los muchachos estudiarán en la biblioteca mañana.

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    Yo compraré los boletos mañana.

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    Yo los compraré mañana.

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    ¿ Comprarás los boletos mañana?

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    ¿ Los comprarás mañana?

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    María comprará los boletos mañana.

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    María los comprará mañana.

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    Nosotros compraremos los boletos mañana.

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    Nosotros los compraremos mañana.

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    Las muchachas comprarán los boletos mañana.

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    Las muchachas los comprarán mañana.

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    Yo veré la película esta noche.

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    ¿ Verás la película esta noche?

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    Juan verá la película esta noche.

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    Nosotros veremos la película esta noche.

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    Los muchachos verán la película esta noche.

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    Yo te daré el dinero mañana.

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    Yo te lo daré mañana.

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    ¿ Le darás el dinero mañana?

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    ¿ Se lo darás mañana?

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    Juan dice que él me dará el dinero mañana.

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    Juan dice que él me lo dará mañana.

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    ¿ Nos darás el dinero mañana?

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    ¿ Nos lo darás mañana?

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    Los muchachos dicen que ellos me darán el dinero mañana.

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    Los muchachos dicen que ellos me lo darán mañana.

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    Nosotros te daremos el dinero mañana.

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    Nosotros te lo daremos mañana.

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    Nosotros les daremos el dinero mañana.

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    Nosotros se lo daremos mañana.

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    Señor García, yo le daré el dinero mañana.

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    Señor García, yo se lo daré mañana.

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    Yo te entregaré los boletos en el aeropuerto.

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    Yo te los entregaré en el aeropuerto.

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    ¿ Me entregarás los boletos en el aeropuerto?

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    ¿ Me los entregarás en el aeropuerto?

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    El señor García quiere saber si tú le entregarás los boletos en el aeropuerto.

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    El señor García quiere saber si tú se los entregarás en el aeropuerto.

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    Yo no sé si ellos nos entregarán los boletos en el aeropuerto.

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    Yo no sé si ellos nos los entregarán en el aeropuerto.

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    ¿ Sabes si le entregarán los boletos en el aeropuerto?

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    ¿ Sabes si se los entregarán en el aeropuerto?

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    Dicen que me entregarán los boletos en el aeropuerto.

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    Dicen que me los entregarán en el aeropuerto.

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    Dicen que les entregarán los boletos a los muchachos en el aeropuerto.

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    Dicen que se los entregarán a los muchachos en el aeropuerto.

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    Juan me va a entregar los boletos.

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    Yo espero que Juan me los entregue.

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    Juan dice que él me los entregará mañana.

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    Juan le va a entregar los boletos a María.

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    María quiere que Juan se los entregue.

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    Juan dice que él se los entregará mañana.

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    Juan nos va a entregar los boletos.

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    Nosotros queremos que Juan nos los entregue.

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    Juan dice que él nos los entregará mañana.

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    Juan les va a entregar los boletos a los muchachos mañana.

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    Los muchachos quieren que Juan les entregue los boletos.

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    Juan dice que él les entregará los boletos mañana.

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    María, ¿ Me vas a entregar los boletos?

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    María, yo quiero que tú me los entregues.

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    María, ¿ Me los entregarás?

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    María, ¿ Le vas a entregar los boletos a Juan?

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    María, Juan quiere que tú se los entregues.

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    María, ¿ Se los entregarás?

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    María, ¿ Nos vas a entregar los boletos?

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    María, nosotros queremos que tú nos los entregues.

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    María, ¿ Nos los entregarás?

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    María, ¿ Les vas a entregar los boletos a los muchachos?

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    María, los muchachos quieren que se los entregues.

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    María, ¿ Se los entregarás?

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    Juan quiere que nosotros le entreguemos los boletos mañana.

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    Nosotros se los entregaremos mañana.

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    Los muchachos quieren que nosotros les entreguemos los boletos mañana.

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    Nosotros se los entregaremos mañana.

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    Yo voy a poder ir a la playa con los muchachos mañana.

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    Yo podré ir a la playa con ellos mañana.

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    ¿ Vas a poder ir a la playa con nosotros mañana?

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    ¿ Podrás ir a la playa con nosotros mañana?

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    ¿ Sabes si Juan va a poder ir a la playa con los muchachos mañana?

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    ¿ Sabes si Juan podrá ir a la playa con ellos mañana?

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    Yo no sé si María va a poder ir a la playa con las muchachas mañana.

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    Yo no sé si María podrá ir a la playa con ellas mañana.

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    ¿ Sabes si nosotros vamos a poder ir a la playa con los muchachos mañana?

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    ¿ Sabes si nosotros podremos ir a la playa con ellos mañana?

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    ¿ Vas a poder estudiar conmigo mañana?

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    ¿ Podrás estudiar conmigo mañana?

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    ¿ Sabes si María va a poder estudiar con nosotros mañana?

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    ¿ Sabes si María podrá estudiar con nosotros mañana?

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    Yo no sé si los muchachos van a poder estudiar con nosotros mañana.

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    Yo no sé si los muchachos podrán estudiar con nosotros mañana.

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    Hay una fiesta hoy en la casa de María.

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    Va a haber una fiesta mañana en la casa de María.

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    Yo creo que habrá una fiesta mañana en la casa de María.

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    Hay un desfile hoy en la avenida de la República.

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    ¿ Sabes si va a haber un desfile mañana en la avenida de la República?

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    ¿ Sabes si habrá un desfile mañana en la avenida de la República?

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    Hay una tormenta en la costa.

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    El periódico dice que mañana va a haber una tormenta en la costa.

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    El periódico dice que mañana habrá una tormenta en la costa.

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    El profesor dice que hay un examen en la clase de historia hoy.

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    El profesor dice que va a haber un examen en la clase de historia mañana.

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    El profesor dice que habrá un examen en la clase de historia mañana.

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    xyxyxyx

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    xyxyxyx

    END ******************************************************************** ********************************************************************